– Researchers develop and tested machine learning algorithms using EMR data to identify patients who may be at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
– Researchers gathered data on patients from the Indiana Network for Patient Care using the information on prescriptions and diagnoses, which are structured fields, as well as medical notes, which are free text, to predict the onset of dementia.
Information gathered from routine visits to the doctor is enough to accurately predict a person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, according to new research led by scientists from Regenstrief Institute, Indiana University, and Merck. The researchers developed and tested machine learning algorithms using data from electronic medical records (EMR) data to identify patients who may be at risk for developing dementia.
At least 50 percent of older primary care
patients living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias never receive a
diagnosis. And many more live with symptoms for two to five years before being
diagnosed. Currently, tests to screen for dementia risk are invasive,
time-consuming and expensive.
Research Background & Protocols
In order to train the machine learning algorithms, researchers gathered data on patients from the Indiana Network for Patient Care. The models used information on prescriptions and diagnoses, which are structured fields, as well as medical notes, which are free text, to predict the onset of dementia. Researchers found that the free-text notes were the most valuable to help identify people at risk of developing the disease.
The research team, which
also included scientists from Georgia State,
Albert Einstein College of
Medicine and Solid Research Group, recently published its findings on two
different machine learning approaches. The paper published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society analyzed
the results of a natural language processing algorithm, which learns rules by
analyzing examples, and the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine article shared
the results from a random forest model, which is built using an ensemble of
decision trees. Both methods showed similar accuracy at predicting the onset of
dementia within one and three years of diagnosis.
Importance
of Early Risk Identification for Onset of Dementia
In addition to the
benefit to families, these methods can also provide significant cost savings
for patients and health systems. They replace the need for expensive tests and
allow clinicians to screen entire populations to identify those most at risk.
Delaying the onset of symptoms also saves a significant amount of money on
treatment.
“This research is exciting because it
potentially provides significant benefit to patients and their families,”
said Patrick Monahan, PhD, study author from IU School of Medicine and a
Regenstrief affiliate scientist. “Clinicians can provide education on
behavior and habits to help patients cope with their symptoms and live a better
quality of life.”
Zina Ben Miled, Ph.D., M.S., a study author from the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at IUPUI and a Regenstrief affiliate scientist, said, “The early risk identification allows an opportunity for doctors and families to put a care plan in place. I know from experience what a burden it can be to deal with a dementia diagnosis. The window provided by this test is so important to help improve the quality of life for both patients and their families.”
Next Steps
Researchers plan to
deploy these machine learning algorithms in real-life clinics to test if they
help identify more true cases of dementia as well as to learn how they impact a
patient’s willingness to follow up on the results.
