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Home Data Analysis

Determination of Total Sulfur by UVF According to ASTM D5453

globalresearchsyndicate by globalresearchsyndicate
November 19, 2019
in Data Analysis
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Determination of Total Sulfur by UVF According to ASTM D5453
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Sulfur is a natural present element in nearly all hydrocarbon feed streams and responsible for numerous unwanted effects such as detrimental product quality, catalyst poisoning and pollution of the ecosystem. Therefore, it becomes necessary to quantify and monitor the sulfur content in almost every stage of the industry´s operations, or for final product specification or regulatory control.

Total analysis of the Sulfur content in hydrocarbons by combustion and UV fluorescence detection has become the orthodox method to characterize feedstock, intermediate streams and finished hydrocarbon products due to its linearity, sensitivity, ruggedness and dynamic range.

ASTM D5453 is an orthodox test method to ascertain the total sulfur in liquid hydrocarbons containing 1.0 to 8000 mg/kg total Sulfur, which boil in the range from approximately 25 °C to 400 °C and with viscosities at room temperature of between approximately 0.2 and 20 cSt (mm2/S). This method of testing also has applications in determining the total sulfur in liquid hydrocarbons which contain fewer than 0.35% (m/m) halogen(s).

Determination of Chemically bound sulfur

Measuring Principle

A hydrocarbon liquid sample is directly injected by a completely automated liquid sampler into a high-temperature, dual-temperature zone combustion tube wherein sulfur components are combusted and vaporized. The released sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide (SO2) in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

hydrocarbon liquid sample

A stream of inert gas (argon or helium) carries the reaction products after the produced water vapor is removed into a reaction chamber. In this chamber, the SO2 molecules are converted to excited through the absorption of energy of a UV lamp and emitting light (fluorescence) while it settles into a stable state.

stream of inert gas

The emitted light signal is measured by a Photomultiplier tube.

To calculate the area, the response signal is integrated. The linear regression function of the concentration of standard mixtures versus integrated area can be used to calculate the sulfur concentration of an unidentified product.

linear regression function of concentration of standard mixtures sulphar

Validation

To provide validation of its performance according to ASTM D5453, the system and methodology of the Antek ElemeNtS total sulfur analyzer is rigorously tested for response linearity, sample scope, recovery and repeatability.

Calibration

Calibration curves are generated using tert-Butyl-di-Sulfide in o-Xylene standards. Each of the calibration solutions and blanks (o-Xylene) are measured three times. The average response of the blank injections is subtracted from each calibration standard response conform method. Although the ElemeNtS system is linear in response, ranging from 0 – 1000 ng/µL (figure 1), separate calibration curves have been produced according to the proposed ranges in ASTM D5453 (Figure 2,3,4).

Table 1. Response values



















Concentration ng/µL Avg Area counts
1.022.17 7073493
780 .20 5420778
515 .28 3587715
264 .37 1844192
102 .16 715151
78 .00 543926
51 .73 358257
25 .88 182531
10 .31 70464
7.81 53266
5.20 35585
2.60 18343
1.03 7599
0.52 4214
– 834

Full range Calibration curve covering typical range of ASTM D5453

Figure 1. Full range Calibration curve covering typical range of ASTM D5453

Curve I (0,5-10 ng/µL)

Figure 2. Curve I (0,5-10 ng/µL)

Curve II (5-100 ng/µL)

Figure 3. Curve II (5-100 ng/µL)

Curve III (100-1000 ng/µL)

Figure 4. Curve III (100-1000 ng/µL)

Sample Scope

Various kinds of samples were chosen to cover the boiling point range of the scope of the method (Gasoline BOB, Reformulated Gasoline, E85, Diesel B7, Jet fuel,heating oil). Each sample is measured three times to gain one result, and the average detector response is calculated. A comparison is then made between the results and the consensus values retrieved during a Proficiency Testing Program (PTP). Each sample result falls within the ASTM D5453 reproducibility limits (table 2).

Table 2. Overview of sample results, compared with consensus values of PTP.












AC part # Type PTP mean (mg/kg) Result (mg/kg) Delta D5453 R/v2
00.02.729 Diesel B7 9.4 10.2 0.8 2.2
00.02.730 E85 1.7 1.7 0 0.6
00.02.732 Jetfuel 507 523 16 45
00.02.733 Gasoline Enhanced 4.4 5.0 0.6 1.3
00.02.734 Gasoline BOB 2.6 3.3 0.7 0.8
00.02.735 Diesel B7 9.6 10.5 0.9 2.2
00.02.736 Jetfuel 168 181 13 19
00.02.737 Heating oil 29 30 1 5.2

Recovery/Bias

Two NIST typical reference materials (SRM) were analyzed to ascertain the bias, which is discussed in ASTM D5453-16, chapter 15.2. The samples selected were gasoline SRM 2298 (4.7 mg/kg ± 1.3 mg/kg), and diesel SRM 2723a (11 mg/kg ± 1.1 mg/kg).

The recorded variations between the determined values and the ARV (Accepted Reference Values) of the NIST standards are comfortably within the NIST uncertainty limits (Table 3). In Figure 5, a representation of the injection signal of NIST SRM 2298 and 2723a can be seen.

Overlay NIST SRM 2298 and SRM 2723a signal (n=10)

Figure 5. Overlay NIST SRM 2298 and SRM 2723a signal (n=10)

Table 3. Comparison of NIST and analysis results









NIST SRM 2298 2723a
Matrix Gasoline Diesel
Sulfur mg/kg NIST 4.7 ( ±1.3) 11.0 (±1.1)
Sulfur mg/kg Measured 4.3 11.1
Observed Difference mg/kg 0.4 0.1
Within NIST uncertainty limits Yes Yes

Repeatability

In total, sulfur analysis area is the primary measurement. The accuracy in which it is measured is ultimately responsible for how valid the generated quantitative data is. Area accuracy necessitates that every operational condition is precisely controlled. Moreover, the flow path’s inertness can significantly impact area accuracy, particularly for low-level sulfur components.

Concentration repeatability for the ElemeNtS total sulfur analyzer is measured for 10 consecutive runs on two NIST reference samples. Repeatability standard deviation of total sulfur falls comfortably within ASTM D5453’s precision statement.

Table 4. Repeatability values of NIST 2298 and 2723a reference material






















Run NIST 2298 NIST 2723a
mg/kg S mg/kg S
1 4.25 11 .16
2 4.35 11 .11
3 4.38 11 .13
4 4.35 11 .10
5 4.33 11 .10
6 4.42 11 .09
7 4.33 11 .07
8 4.38 11 .08
9 4.32 11 .07
10 4.31 11 .07
Average 4.34 11 .10
Standard deviation (SD)
Measurement 0.048 0.02 9
Method SD (r D5453/2.77) 0.21 0.39
Relative standard deviation (RSD)
Measurement 1.10% 0.26%
Method RSD (r D5453 /2.77)/mean 4.36% 3.54%

Conclusion

These results show that the ElemeNtS analyzer is a strong instrument for the determination of sulfur in light hydrocarbons, engine oil, spark ignition engine fuel, and diesel engine fuel. This is based on the analyzer’s exceptional calibration linearity, low limit of detection, superb recovery and repeatability.

The Antek ElemeNtS total Sulfur analyzer meets the requirements of the ASTM D5453.

determination of sulfur

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by PAC L.P.

For more information on this source, please visit PAC L.P.

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