President Donald Trump won support from about 8 in 10 white evangelical Christian voters in his race for reelection, but Catholic voters split almost evenly between him and Democratic opponent Joe Biden, according to AP VoteCast.
Trump’s strong hold on white evangelical voters illustrates the GOP’s enduring success with a bloc of religious conservatives who have been a linchpin of the president’s political base since his 2016 victory. The president’s path to a second term has grown narrower, however, amid a divide among Catholics between Trump and Biden, a lifelong member of the faith.
AP VoteCast showed 50 percent of Catholics backing Trump and 49 percent favoring Biden, reflecting the faith’s longstanding role as a closely contested vote in presidential elections — particularly in Rust Belt battleground states such as Michigan and Wisconsin. Trump won both of those states by less than 1 percentage point in 2016, but Biden prevailed in both this year. The survey of more than 110,000 voters nationwide was conducted for The Associated Press by NORC at the University of Chicago.
Ahead of the election, the rival campaigns targeted Catholics with fervent appeals to vote based on their faith. Trump supporters said faithful Catholics should not vote for Biden because of his support for abortion rights, while Biden backers said Trump is too divisive and has failed to elevate social justice issues that are part of Catholic teaching.
Michael Wear, a past faith adviser to former President Barack Obama, said he saw signs that the Biden campaign’s focused outreach to religious voters – which included multiple ads invoking the former vice president’s Catholicism – had paid off. Biden would be just the second Catholic president after John F. Kennedy.
“Biden’s political approach has been vindicated in these results,” said Wear, who helped lead a bipartisan super PAC this fall that aimed to undercut Trump’s Christian support. “He ran because he believed he would not lose the Rust Belt, when the nominee in 2016 did.”
Michael New, an abortion opponent who teaches social research at Catholic University of America, said Trump’s opposition to abortion likely attracted some Catholic voters even if they disagreed with him on other issues.
This year, Catholic voters accounted for 22 percent of the electorate, and there was a sharp rift within their ranks by race and ethnicity.
Among white Catholics, 57 percent backed Trump and 42 percent backed Biden, according to VoteCast. In 2016, Trump won 64 percent of white Catholics and Clinton won 31 percent, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of voters.
Among Hispanic Catholics, VoteCast shows 67 percent backed Biden and 32 percent backed Trump.
“The election results show that the Catholic Church is as divided as our nation, but the real divide is race and ethnicity, not theology,” said David Gibson, director of Fordham University’s Center on Religion and Culture.
He said the gap between the white Catholic vote for Trump and the Latino vote for Biden poses a challenge for church leaders, especially if the Republican Party continues to woo white voters with anti-immigrant rhetoric.
“If the Republican Party continues to try to amplify calls to white grievance and fear of immigrants in order to rally the white Catholic vote, that could create further problems for the Catholic Church itself as it seeks unity,” Gibson said via email.
Catholics weren’t the only religious group vocally courted by the Biden campaign, which also sought to cut into Trump’s advantage with certain segments of the white evangelical electorate. Yet the president’s commanding performance with that bloc raises questions about whether future Democratic campaigns would make similar efforts.
Ryan Burge, a political scientist at Eastern Illinois University who focuses on religious voting patterns, said white evangelicals “are as red as red can get” and suggested that future Democratic hopefuls pay more attention to white Catholics and Hispanic evangelicals.
“There’s no way to peel anybody off, because there’s no wedge there” among white evangelicals who favor the Republican agenda, Burge said.
Among voters with no religious affiliation, Biden took 72 percent while Trump took 26 percent. And VoteCast found several other religious voting blocs going overwhelmingly for Biden, largely in line with their previous preference for Democrats.
Jewish voters made up 3 percent of the electorate and went overwhelmingly for Biden, with 68 percent backing the Democrat compared with 30 percent backing Trump. Among Muslim voters, 64 percent supported Biden and 35 percent supported Trump. In a 2017 survey from Pew Research Center, about two-thirds of U.S. Muslims identified as Democratic or leaned to the Democratic Party.
One bright spot for Trump among religious voters was his performance among The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints members. In 2016, Trump won the state of Utah – with its sizable population of church members – with less than 50 percent support as third-party candidate Evan McMullin, a church member himself, won more than 20 percent of the vote.
While 67 percent of members of the faith voted for Republicans in the 2018 midterms, according to VoteCast, only 56 percent said then that they approved of Trump’s handling of his job.
But this year, with no third-party candidate on the ballot, Trump got the backing of 71 percent of Latter-day Saints nationwide, while 24 percent supported Biden.
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